El Arte de la Guerra Resumen PDF
El Arte de la Guerra fue escrita por Sun Tzu, un general del ejército chino, hace más de 2.500 años. A pesar de tratarse de un texto ancestral, sus lecciones son reconocidas como una guía práctica para la vida por empresarios, políticos y atletas alrededor del mundo.
Creemos que todos podemos coincidir con la teoría que dice que las batallas de hoy se pelean “a puertas cerradas”.
Este resumen presenta lecciones de guerra y cómo esas tácticas pueden aplicarse en la Era Digital.
¿Quién debería leer “El Arte de la Guerra”? ¿Y por qué?
Nunca es una buena opción limitar un libro a un público muy específico, prejuzgando a los demás. Realmente, “El Arte de la Guerra” es una pieza fácil de digerir que puede ser la primera opción de cualquier persona que busque técnicas para aplicar en el plano profesional y también en el personal.
Tener algún conocimiento bélico puede ayudarte, pero no es algo ni mucho menos necesario. Si lo tienes, simplemente tendrás una mayor facilidad para captar los conceptos planteados por el autor.
Negocios, deportes, filosofía, economía, psicología. Estamos seguros de que encontrarás “El Arte de la Guerra” útil en varios sentidos.
Acerca de Sun Tzu y Ralph D. Sawyer
El año de nacimiento de Sun Tzu varía entre el 540 y el 545 a.C. y, de acuerdo a numerosos historiadores, murió a los 50 años, alrededor del 495 a.C.
Fue un famoso general, autor, estratega de guerra y filósofo chino que trajo un nuevo significado a la palabra “estrategia”, tanto en China como en el resto del mundo.
Reconocido como el general chino de mayor nombre, también fue el creador de “El Arte de la Guerra”, una obra maestra de la táctica militar que cambió el curso de la historia de las guerras orientales y occidentales.
El traductor e historiador estadounidense Ralph D. Sawyer fue un experto en las guerras ancestrales chinas y una eminencia entre los estudiosos de la cultura bélica china.
El Arte de la Guerra“El Arte de la Guerra Resumen PDF”
Sawyer logró diferenciarse del resto de autores que adaptó “El Arte de la Guerra” porque el norteamericano no se limitó a copiar las palabras de Sun Tzu, si no que se dedicó a aprender de sus lecciones y adicionó, al mismo tiempo, un enfoque militar moderno.
El libro se divide en 13 capítulos que te mantendrán atento y usando tu capacidad mental por completo. Aunque, claro, la mayor atención se enfocaría en ti mismo.
A continuación, una descripción breve de cada apartado.
- Evaluación detallada y planificación: deberás lidiar con cinco conceptos fundamentales. Camino, estaciones, terreno, liderazgo y gestión.
- Librando guerras: ten en cuenta cuál será el costo de entrar en un conflicto y aprende a tomar decisiones efectivas.
- Ataque estratégico: como en el primer punto, intervienen cinco factores. En este caso, para tener éxito en cualquier guerra. Ataque, estrategia, alianzas, ejército y ciudades.
- Disposición del ejército: en este capítulo se destaca la importancia de una buena defensa, y también de reconocer oportunidades estratégicas.
En cuanto a tus oponentes, aprenderás que:
“La oportunidad de vencer al enemigo nos es ofrecida por él mismo”.
- Fuerzas: tiempo, creatividad y mentes agudas son las herramientas principales para liderar un ejército.
- Debilidades y fortalezas: una vez más, la habilidad de percibir oportunidades se ubica en el foco del texto.
Por otro lado, también descubrirás algo sobre tu propio ejército:
“El desorden viene del orden; el miedo, del coraje; la debilidad, de la fuerza”.
- Maniobras militares: ¿cuál sería el riesgo de un conflicto directo? ¿Cómo puedes ganar este tipo de enfrentamientos? Las respuestas, en este capítulo.
- Variables y adaptabilidad: si hay algo que prima en las guerras es la incertidumbre. Por lo tanto, prepárate para lo inesperado.
“Ganará aquel que, estando preparado, espere para sorprender al enemigo despreparado”.
- Movimiento y desarrollo de las tropas: concéntrate en las intenciones de tus enemigos. Analiza su situación y anticípate a cualquier movimiento.
- Terreno: descubrirás las tres áreas generales de resistencia. Distancia, peligros y barreras.
- Los nueve campos de batalla: nueve escenarios que pueden surgir en una campaña y cómo debería actuar un comandante ante cada uno.
- Atacando con fuego: además de las armas convencionales, el general debe considerar usar el ambiente donde se encuentra como herramienta de guerra.
- Inteligencia y espionaje: en este capítulo final se especifican cinco fuentes de inteligencia y qué enfoque se debe utilizar en cada caso.
Estudiar la guerra en tiempos de paz
Además de tener conocimientos de guerra, también debes conocer sobre ti mismo y sobre tu enemigo. Si respondes las siguientes preguntas, podrás predecir el desenlace de cada batalla.
- ¿Cuál es el general con tropas más obedientes?
- ¿Cuál es el general más capaz?
- ¿Quién tiene ventajas naturales y climáticas y mayor conocimiento sobre el terreno?
- ¿Qué lado aplica la disciplina de forma más severa?
- ¿Cuál es el ejército más fuerte?
- ¿Quién tiene los soldados mejor entrenados?
- ¿Cuál es el ejército que premia y castiga con mayor consistencia?
Para ganar, no debes ser derrotado
Como vimos, la oportunidad de obtener la victoria surge a partir de los errores del enemigo. Sun Tzu presenta reglas esenciales para asegurar el triunfo:
- Saber cuándo luchar y cuándo evitarlo.
- Conocer cómo lidiar con las fuerzas tanto superiores como inferiores de tu ejército.
- Tener un ejército con espíritu de lucha y disciplina.
- Estar preparado y atacar en momentos donde tu enemigo no lo esté.
- Tener capacidades militares y libertad para comandar tus tropas.
Superiores que llevan a la derrota
Para fracasar en una batalla, a veces lo único que se necesitan son órdenes incorrectas. Estos errores surgen cuando el general, soberano o cualquier cargo superior cumple con algunas de las siguientes características:
- Imprudencia, que lleva a la destrucción.
- Cobardía, que lleva a ser capturado.
- Temperamento precipitado, que puede ser provocado por insultos.
- Exceso de honor, que lleva a ser sensible a la vergüenza.
- Sobreexigencia con sus soldados, que lo expone a preocupaciones y conflictos.
- Exceso de compasión con sus soldados, que lleva a tener un ejército débil.
- Indecisión, que lleva a formar un ejército desorganizado.
- Exponer su ejército frente a un contendiente mucho mayor, generando la huída y deserción de sus soldados.
- Tener soldados mucho más fuertes que sus superiores, causando insubordinación.
Otros consejos de guerra
En el transcurso de los capítulos, Sun Tzu presenta más lecciones y enseñanzas para asegurar el éxito en el campo de batalla. Aquí, los más destacados.
- Nunca emprendas una batalla a partir de la ira. La razón por la que peleas debe ser para ganar algo.
- Una guerra prolongada puede agotar los recursos de cualquier sociedad. Enfócate en victorias rápidas y decisivas.
- Confunde al enemigo enmascarando tanto tus fortalezas como tus debilidades. Esto evitará que esté preparado para enfrentarte.
- Para conseguir la victoria, necesitas aplicar disciplina sobre tus soldados. Aunque, para obtener su obediencia, primero deben admirarte y respetarte.
Conclusión
Para finalizar, una gran lección que aprendimos con este libro fue que una mente estratega deriva de una introspección compleja.
No importa qué clase de batalla enfrentes. Las reglas se mantienen. Depende de ti qué estrategia y qué armas utilizarás. Y, por sobre todo, depende de ti evitar los errores que cometiste en el pasado.
Deja de lado las metáforas bélicas y encontrarás lecciones que puedes aplicar en tu vida personal y profesional para asegurar el éxito.
Lecciones clave de “El Arte de la Guerra”
1. Un comandante y estratega militar requiere habilidades esenciales
2. Los generales inteligentes siempre respetan a su enemigo, incluso si aparentan ser débiles
3. Los generales sabios ignoran los viejos hábitos y adoptan un enfoque más flexible
Un comandante y estratega militar requiere habilidades esenciales
Distintos filósofos ancestrales consideraban que el concepto de traición es una habilidad fundamental para cualquier soldado y general que desea burlar a su oponente.
Mientras persigue el triunfo, un estratega debe elegir sus batallas con cuidado para moverse con eficiencia. Y, para eso, es clave manipular al enemigo de manera sutil.
Los generales inteligentes siempre respetan a su enemigo, incluso si aparentan ser débiles
Si hay algo en común entre los generales de más experiencia es que, a la hora de enfrentar a sus rivales, se mantienen pasivos hasta percibir la oportunidad perfecta de atacar. Es decir, nunca subestiman al otro bando.
Los generales sabios ignoran los viejos hábitos y adoptan un enfoque más flexible
Un mandamás militar demuestra su inteligencia al combinar técnicas antiguas y modernas en el campo de batalla. Al mismo tiempo, es capaz de adaptarse a las circunstancias de cada situación, asumiendo una mentalidad abierta y, por tanto, un riesgo mayor a la hora de tomar decisiones.
¿Te gustó este resumen? Queremos invitarte a descargar nuestra aplicación gratuita 12 min App, donde podrás encontrar más resúmenes y audiolibros increíbles.
Frases de “El Arte de la Guerra”
Aparenta debilidad cuando eres fuerte y fortaleza cuando eres débil. Clic para tuitear La excelencia suprema consiste en quebrar la resistencia del enemigo sin la necesidad de una batalla. Clic para tuitear Los guerreros victoriosos ganan primero para luego ir a la guerra, mientras que los guerreros derrotados van a la guerra y buscan ganar después. Clic para tuitear La mayor victoria es aquella que no requiere de luchas. Clic para tuitear No existe ningún caso de una nación que se beneficie de una guerra prolongada. Clic para tuitear
Nuestro análisis crítico
El único elemento faltante en este gran libro es un significado más profundo. Al final, aparenta que su contenido no va más allá de las simples lecciones de vida y algunos consejos empresariales. Sin embargo creemos que, a pesar de todo, se trata de un excelente clásico.
Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands.
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